The formulas to calculate the Partition Coefficient (P) and LogP are:
\[ P = \frac{[O]}{[A]} \]
\[ \log(P) = \log_{10}(\text{Partition Coefficient}) \]
Where:
The partition coefficient is a crucial concept used to determine the distribution of a substance between two immiscible phases, usually a liquid and a solid or a liquid and a gas. It quantifies the extent to which a compound partitions or distributes itself between these phases. More specifically, the partition coefficient, often denoted as \( P \), is the ratio of the concentration of a solute in one phase to its concentration in another phase at equilibrium. It represents the equilibrium distribution of the solute between the two phases and is expressed as the ratio of the solute’s concentrations in each phase.
LogP is a value that indicates whether a substance will be absorbed by plants, animals, humans, or other living tissue. In other words, it shows how easily a substance can be carried away and disseminated by water.
Consider an example where:
Using the formulas to calculate the Partition Coefficient and LogP:
\[ P = \frac{0.5}{0.1} = 5 \]
\[ \log(P) = \log_{10}(5) \approx 0.6990 \]
This means that the partition coefficient for this example is 5, and the LogP is approximately 0.6990.