The formula to calculate the logarithm of a number is:
\[ \log_b(y) = x \quad \text{if and only if} \quad b^x = y \]
Where:
A logarithm is a mathematical operation that determines how many times a number, called the base, must be multiplied by itself to reach another number. It is the inverse operation of exponentiation.
Example 1:
Calculation:
\[ \log_5(25) = 2 \quad \text{since} \quad 5^2 = 25 \]
Example 2:
Calculation:
\[ \log_2(8) = 3 \quad \text{since} \quad 2^3 = 8 \]