The formula to calculate the Net Charge (Q) is:
\[ Q = n \times e \]
Where:
A net charge is the total charge of an atom that has gained or lost electrons, causing it to have either a positive or negative charge. An atom becomes positively charged if it loses electrons, and negatively charged if it gains electrons.
Let's assume an atom has gained 3 extra electrons. Using the formula to calculate the net charge:
\[ Q = 3 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} = 4.8 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C} \]
The net charge is \( 4.8 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C} \).