The formula to calculate the beta error (β) is:
β=1−α−(1−β)
Where:
Beta error, also known as Type II error, occurs when a statistical test fails to reject a false null hypothesis. In other words, it is the error of not detecting an effect that is present. The probability of committing a Type II error is denoted by β. The power of a test, which is 1−β, represents the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis. Understanding and minimizing beta error is crucial in hypothesis testing to ensure the reliability and validity of the test results.