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Terminal Voltage Calculator

Formula

The formula to calculate the Terminal Voltage is:

$\text{Vt} = \text{emf} - I \times R$

Where:

$\text{Vt}$ is the Terminal Voltage (volts)
$\text{emf}$ is the total emf (volts)
$I$ is the current (amps)
$R$ is the resistance (ohms)

What is Terminal Voltage?

Terminal Voltage is the voltage output of a device measured across its terminals. It is calculated by subtracting the product of the current and the resistance from the total emf.

Example Calculation

Let's assume the following values:

Total EMF (emf) = 12 volts
Current (I) = 2 amps
Resistance (R) = 1 ohm

Using the formula to calculate the Terminal Voltage (Vt):

$\text{Vt} = 12 - (2 \times 1) = 12 - 2 = 10 \text{ volts}$

The Terminal Voltage is 10 volts.